Abstract
The aim was to develop and perform content validation of a prototype of a gerontechnology for mobile devices aimed at the self-care of older adults in the preoperative and postoperative periods of elective surgeries performed on an outpatient basis. A qualitative, applied health technology production research, conducted in Florianópolis, between February 2022 and June 2023. The methodological pathway comprised: the development of the prototype, grounded in Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory and user-centered design tools; and content validation, performed by a committee of experts and analysis of the Content Validity Index greater than or equal to 70%. The prototype of the mobile gerontechnology Cuid@r was developed, structured into six self-care domains, and developed with a focus on accessibility, usability, and support for older adults in the perioperative period. After expert validation, the content was expanded from 18 to 25 care/interventions, incorporating the judges' suggestions. The overall Content Validity Index (CVI) reached 88.25%, evidencing adequate content validity. The developed gerontechnology demonstrated satisfactory content validity, indicating potential to support perioperative self-care for older adults undergoing elective outpatient surgeries.
References
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Censo Demográfico 2022: primeiros resultados de população e domicílios. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2023.
Centro Regional de Estudos para o Desenvolvimento da Sociedade da Informação (Cetic.br). Pesquisa sobre o uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação nos domicílios brasileiros: TIC Domicílios 2023. São Paulo: Comitê Gestor da Internet no Brasil; 2024.
Tian J, Wang HY, Peng SH, Tao YM, Cao J, Zhang XG. Experiences of older people with multimorbidity regarding self-management of diseases: a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis. Int J Nurs Pract. 2024;30(5):e13289. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.13289
Orem DE. Nursing: concepts of practice. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1980.
Orem DE, Taylor SG, Renpenning KM. Nursing: concepts of practice. 6th ed. St Louis: Mosby; 2001.
Aceto P, Antonelli Incalzi R, Bettelli G, Carron M, Chiumiento F, Corcione A, et al. Perioperative management of elderly patients (PriME): recommendations from an Italian intersociety consensus. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020;32(9):1647-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01624-x
Pereira RMO, Chagas AFS, Panarra BACS, Souza SV, Esteves AVF. Gerontotecnologia sobre primeiros socorros para pessoas idosas: uma revisão integrativa. Cogitare Enferm. 2025;30:e98932pt. https://doi.org/10.1590/ce.v30i0.98932pt
Gomez-Hernandez M, Bentley CL, Bielli E, et al. Design guidelines of mobile apps for older adults: systematic review and thematic analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2023;11:e43186. https://doi.org/10.2196/43186
Arcury TA, Sandberg JC, Melius KP, Quandt SA, Leng X, Latulipe C, et al. Older adult internet use and eHealth literacy. J Appl Gerontol. 2020;39(2):141-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464818807468
Huang G, Oteng SA. Gerontechnology for better elderly care and life quality: a systematic literature review. Eur J Ageing. 2023;20(1):22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-023-00776-9
Ferreira JM, Alvarez AM, Tourinho FSV, Fabrizzio GC, Barbosa SS, Favero Alves T. Aplicativos móveis sobre segurança do paciente idoso no ambiente cirúrgico: uma prospecção tecnológica. Online Braz J Nurs. 2024;23:e20246676. https://doi.org/10.17665/1676-4285.20246676
Branch RM. Instructional design: the ADDIE approach. Boston: Springer; 2009.
Garrett JJ. The elements of user experience: user-centered design for the web and beyond. 2nd ed. Berkeley: New Riders; 2011.
Goodman D, Ogrinc G, Davies L, Baker GR, Barnsteiner J, Foster TC, et al. Explanation and elaboration of the SQUIRE (Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence) Guidelines, V.2.0: examples of SQUIRE elements in the healthcare improvement literature. BMJ Qual Saf. 2016;25(12):e7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004480
Design Council. Framework for innovation [Internet]. London: Design Council; 2005 [citado em 12 out 2025]. Disponível em: https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-resources/framework-for-innovation
Ferreira JM, Alvarez AM, Tourinho FSV, Grolli RE, Fabrizzio GC, Spereta ED, et al. Ferramentas para o autocuidado da pessoa idosa nos períodos pré e pós-operatório: protocolo de scoping review. Glob Acad Nurs. 2024;5(3):e444. https://doi.org/10.5935/2675-5602.20200444
Manzo BF, Caldas MM, Alves TF, Tourinho FSV, Preis LC. Prototyping and validation. In: Desenvolvimento de tecnologias em pesquisa e saúde. São Paulo: Editora Científica Digital; 2022. p. 78-92.
Pasquali L. Psicometria. 2ª ed. Petrópolis: Vozes; 2004.
Brasil. Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Resolução nº 466, de 12 de dezembro de 2012. Aprova as diretrizes e normas regulamentadoras de pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos [Internet]. Brasília (DF): Ministério da Saúde; 2012 [citado em 23 mai 2026]. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/conselho-nacional-de-saude/pt-br/acesso-a-informacao/atos-normativos/resolucoes/2012/resolucao-no-466.pdf/view
Listiowati E, Sjaaf AC, Achadi A, Bachtiar A, Arini M, Rosa EM, et al. How to engage patients in achieving patient safety. Heliyon. 2023;9(2):e13447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13447
World Health Organization (WHO). Technical series on safer primary care: patient engagement [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2016 [citado em 12 out 2025]. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241511629
Abasi S, Yazdani A, Kiani S, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb Z. Effectiveness of mobile health-based self-management application. Health Sci Rep. 2021;4(4):e434. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.434
Peng Y, Wang H, Fang Q, Xie L, Shu L, Sun W, et al. Effectiveness of mobile applications on medication adherence. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2020;26(4):550-61. https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2020.26.4.550
Nkhoma ED, Soko JC, Banda JK, Greenfield D, Li YC, Iqbal U. Impact of DSMES app interventions on medication adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMJ Health Care Inform. 2021;28(1):e100291. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjhci-2020-100291
Zomer TB, Lenardt MH, Cechinel C, Rodrigues JAM, Wardenski LT. Características sociodemográficas e clínicas associadas à mobilidade física de idosos hospitalizados. Cogitare Enferm. 2026;31:e99849pt. https://doi.org/10.1590/ce.v31i0.99849pt
Gillespie BM, Walker RM, Latimer SL, Thalib L, Whitty JA, McInnes E, et al. Effectiveness of discharge education for patients undergoing general surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2023;140:104471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104471
Lee SY, Han EC. Impact of early oral feeding on postoperative outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Surg. 2025;42(1):26-35. https://doi.org/10.1159/000542595
Alsanad M, Aljanoubi M, Alenezi FK, Farley A, Naidu B, Yeung J. Preoperative smoking cessation interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Perioper Med. 2025;14:5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13741-024-00479-4
Grygorian A, Montano D, Shojaa M, Ferencak M, Schmitz N. Digital health interventions and patient safety in abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(4):e248555. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.8555
Sierra MC, To H, Song WJ. Use and application of mHealth technologies in perioperative surgical care: narrative review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2025;13:e52206. https://doi.org/10.2196/52206

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2026 Global Academic Nursing Journal
